This contrasts with most other psychological approaches, in which talk is treated as the expression and communication of thoughts and communicative intentions. “Discursive psychology” studies the relationships between mind and world, as psychology generally does, but as a discourse topic, that is, as a participants’ concern, a matter of talk’s business, talk’s categories, talk’s rhetoric, and. Introductory remarks: The aim of this chapter is to illustrate discursive psychology and its methodology by examining some extracts from the interview materials. Secondly, due to the importance of counterfactual reasoning in the formation of theoretical thinking, this research provides additional insight into the “predispositions” of the Old Chinese language towards the formation of philosophical and scientific discourse. Consideration of the relationship between the grammatical structures of the Old Chinese language and counterfactual reasoning will contribute to an understanding of the nature of classical Chinese philosophical thought and the relationship between the Old Chinese language and thinking, especially regarding the issue of the extent to which the formation of a specific thinking/philosophy is conditioned by the morphosyntactic structures of the language it is built upon. On the second, discursive level, the presence/absence and rhetorical role of counterfactual thinking in classical Chinese philosophical and historical texts will be examined.
On the first, linguistic level, it will be determined if there are unreal conditional constructions in Old Chinese. Research will be carried out on two levels. This paper will examine Bloom’s thesis in the area of the Old Chinese language and classical Chinese texts. Bloom shows that the modern Chinese language has no extricated lexical, grammatical, or tonal markers for counterfactuality. Bloom links this with a deficit in equivalent grammatical markers for unreal conditionality in the modern standard Chinese language. While conducting empirical research, Alfred Bloom concluded that Chinese speakers are not inclined to counterfactual reasoning. Thus, counterfactual reasoning is important in the formation of ethical/political and scientific reflections. condition or cause from the past or present is connected with a potential effect.
statements such as “if it were not for X, there would be no Y”, a hypothesis is established on the basis of an action/state/event that did not happen. In this kind of reasoning, which is expressed through the use of unreal conditional sentences, i.e. Counterfactual reasoning – the construction of mental alternatives to reality – is an important part of theoretical thinking.
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